How to think like an Engineer

The remit of an engineer is to think critically to solve real world problems. This course will provide an overview on the process of generating solutions that are suitable for as many stakeholders as possible. Bringing science, maths, problem solving and creative thinking skills together, we will work through a variety of problems and case studies. We will employ recognised strategies that engineers use to evaluate the different aspects of a situation to reach a satisfactory solution. Minimum prerequisite: Mathematics Level 3 - A level or equivalent (studied Maths up to secondary/high school Year 13/Grade 12 or age 18.)

Course details

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Start Date
19 Jul 2026
Duration
5 Sessions over one week
End Date
25 Jul 2026
Application Deadline
28 Jun 2026
Location
International Summer Programme
Code
W25Pm31

Tutors

Dr Jinx St Leger

Dr Jinx St Leger

Consultant Heritage and Mechanical Engineer, Engineering Outreach Manager University of Cambridge

Aims

This course aims to:

  • introduce you to common problem-solving strategies used by engineers 
  • develop your creative thinking skills 
  • familiarise you with different methods for generating and evaluating ideas 
  • help you learn how to analyse failures to improve future solutions 

Course content

Throughout the course we will look at the importance of problem solving in the field of engineering. There are many different processes and models that are routinely used and we will focus on two of the most popular, the ‘Engineering Method’ and ‘Root Cause Analysis’. We will also look at how designs can be adapted to suit different situations, in particular the use of biomimicry to create solutions for human problems. 

Each session will start with a short exercise in thinking creatively where you will be asked to find a solution to a given situation. Throughout each session we will use a different method to examine a case study to find solutions to the problems presented. 

What to expect on this course

Information will be presented using slide decks and video. During the course you will have the opportunity to work in small groups to discuss your ideas and solutions. There will be a small practical element to some sessions.

Course sessions

  1.  Different approaches to problem solving

    We will look at the different ways of examining problems and how a range of methods can be used in different situations. The session task will be to identify the most appropriate problem solving techniques for the day’s case study.

  2. Biomimicry

    During the session we will examine how biomimicry is used in engineering design and examples of successful and unsuccessful solutions created via the process. The session task will be to take inspiration from a biological prompt to design a product that meets the criteria in the specification given.

  3. The ‘Engineering Method’

    We will explore the different stages of the ‘Engineering Method’ and look at some of the tools that can be used to guide the process. The session task will be to build a physical model to solve the given problem.

  4. ‘Root Cause Analysis’

    Looking at two well-known engineering accidents, we will use ‘Root Cause Analysis’ and the ‘Whys’ technique to find the potential human, physical and organisational causes of the incidents. 

  5. Creating your own tools

    Our final look at methods will involve working through a case study using a decision tree. Then, using the knowledge you have gained from the sessions you will design your own ‘problem solving kit’. You’ll make physical resources that you can refer to in the future to help you solve everyday problems you may experience.

Learning outcomes

As a result of the course, you will gain a greater understanding of the subject and you should be able to:

  • identify and employ problem-solving techniques from each stage of the ‘Engineering Method’
  • understand the role of biomimicry in engineering design, and give examples of its use
  • use the ‘Root Cause Analysis’ method to identify potential roots of failure in engineering disasters

Required reading

Benyus, J, A, Biomimicry Primer, defining the meme in Biomimicry Resource Handbook, (2011)
The Biomimicry Institute and the Biomimicry Guild  Available at: A Biomimicry Primer — Resource — AskNature

Click 2 Engineering, Ten Practices for an Engineering Mindset Available at: https://click2engineering.org/about/ten-practices-for-an-engineering-mindset/

El-Zein, A, and Hedemann, C, Engineers as Problem Solvers: A Deficient Self-Definition 
for the 21st Century Available at: https://www-csd.eng.cam.ac.uk/system/files/documents/el-zein-a.pdf

MindTools, Root Cause Analysis (2023) www.mindtools.com Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/ag6pkn9/root-cause-analysis 

Page, T, Essential Techniques Engineers Use to Solve Problems, Tweak Your Biz (2023) Available at: https://tweakyourbiz.com/posts/essential-techniques-engineers-use-to-solve-problems